9.2 KiB
Vim introduction workshop
This information can be found at https://github.com/DanielSiepmann/vim-introduction-workshop
Welcome
First things first, how to start and quit Vim.
To start Vim, just type vim into the terminal.
To exit Vim, try CTRL+C like for nearly all CLIs. Vim will display a help message in the bottom left with instructions how to quit Vim:
Type :qa! and press <Enter> to abandon all changes and exit Vim
So lets type in :qa! to quit Vim again.
Settings
By default Vim comes with no useful settings. Most developers like line numbers which can be turned on by typing :set number.
Run vim lorem-ipsum.md and type :set number to activate line numbers.
If you quit Vim and re open the file, line numbers are gun. Settings adjusted within a session are not persisted. We get back to that later.
The modes
We now have the basics, let's learn some basic concepts.
Vim is a mode editor. Most editors are mode less.
What is a mode?
NORMAL
This is the default mode when you start Vim. If you open a file, e.g. vim lorem-ipsum.md keys are used to navigate in this file. E.g. use h, j, k and l to move the cursor around.
TASK: Navigate a bit within lorem-ipsum.md.
Press ESC from any mode to come back to the NORMAL mode.
VISUAL
Sometimes you want to highlight something, e.g. for a presentation or to interact with the highlighted parts.
You can enter different Visual Modes, e.g.
- v
-
Will start VISUAL mode where you can highlight stuff using the same keys as in NORMAL Mode.
TASK: Highlight line 19.
- V
-
VISUAL LINE to highlight lines, useful for presentations.
TASK: Highlight line 19.
- CTRL+v
-
VISUAL BLOCK to highlight blocks, useful for tables.
TASK: Highlight column 2.
INSERT
Insert some text, keys will be passed through as insertions.
Enter the INSERT mode by one of the following keys:
- a
-
Append behind the cursor
- i
-
Insert at the cursor
- A
-
Append at the end if line
- I
-
Insert at beginning of the line
TASK: Insert todays date at the end of the file.
REPLACE
Replace some text, keys will be passed through as replacements.
- r
-
Replaces a single character.
- R
-
Switches to REPLACE mode.
TASK: Replace last line with todays date.
COMMAND
Executes commands within Vim, e.g. adjust settings or quit.
- :
-
Inserts the command mode. The cursor will be set to the command line. The command mode has auto completion, just press TAB.
TASK: Activate line numbers, quit Vim.
And there are more Modes.
Better movement
So far we now that we can move around in NORMAL mode with h, j, k and l. There are more keys to move around. E.g.:
- G
-
Go to end of file.
- gg
-
Go to beginning of file.
Most movements can be prefixed with a count, that's called Vim Grammar. So to move to Line x type xG.
TASK: Highlight Line 19 by jumping to Line 19.
Most of the time we are not working with text documents but source code. So how to move efficiently within source code? We will explain the help, to allow you to figure out yourself.
Help
Vim has a huuuuge documentation on board. This can be accessed via :help.
The help consists of a guide, reference, topics and plugins.
Code navigation
1 Motions
Let's check out :help object-motions to get further movements.
TASK: vim lorem-ipsum.php and navigate to the 2nd method via ]]
2 Plugins
There are a bunch of plugins and even some plugin manager to choose from.
To navigate within Code I use CTRLP and Tagbar in combination with Universal Ctags.
- TASK: Check out the benefits, run nvim lorem-ipsum.php and type in ,r.
- TASK: Check out the benefits, run nvim lorem-ipsum.php and type in ,b.
3 Go to definition
Vim provides support for tags out of the box. Using CTRL+] we can jump to the definition of something.
TASK: Run vim lorem-ipsum2.php to to the constructor and run CTRL+] on LoremUpsum type hint.
Efficient editing
We now know some basics to move within source code. What about editing?
Let's change the content of an PHP if condition to just false.
TASK: Change content of if condition within lorem-ipsum.php within the getSum method.
Vim provides operators within the NORMAL mode. These can be copy, delete, change, uppercase. In our case we want to change the condition = c. Following Vim Grammar, this can be combined with either a count as prefix, or a motion as suffix.
In our case we want to change text within () as this is the condition in PHP. We can achieve this by typing ci( within the braces.
Editing remote files
Vim implements different protocols and can open .gz or .zip files out of the box. Also scp:// and other protocols are support. This way one can edit remote files from local computer using his Vim.
To open a remote file type
vim scp://daniel-siepmann.de/apps/staemme/allys.py.
Or from within vim
:e scp://daniel-siepmann.de/apps/staemme/allys.py.
See :help scp
Also you can open files under the cursor with system settings using
gx. To open a file under cursor with vim use
gf.
TASK: Edit the file https://tmp.daniel-siepmann.de/events/nca18/workshop-vim/example.html with vim.
Vimrc
Vim will load specific files during startup and in specific circumstances. The main file is ~/.vimrc on load. To persist settings, e.g. turned on line numbers, write them down into the file.
Like shell scripts, the file consists of Vim commands. E.g. turning
line numbers on results in :set number, so write
set number to the file.
This way you can tune Vim to YOUR editor. You will not find two Vim users out there with the same setup. Vim is always YOUR editor.
Completion
Wait, an editor has completion? Yes, and Vim has a lot!
See: :help ins-completion It's a new mode! You can
insert the mode inside the insert mode by typing CTRL+x
followed by the completion mode.
TASK: Insert the word "hello" right here, using completion:
TASK: Insert the filename "lorem-ipsum2.php" right here, using completion:
TASK: Insert this chapter name right here, using completion:
The registers
Vim comes with a lot of "clipboards". You have installed some fancy application for that? No need inside Vim. Clipboards within Vim are called registers. And there are a lot of them. Some are auto filled, some are up to you.
See :help registers You can copy stuff from within a
file using "yyy or "ayy where "a
and "y is the register to copy to and yy is
the motion, yank current line. As always, this can be combined with
already known motions.
To paste from a register, use "yp where "y
again is the register and p or P is the paste
after or before.
TASK: Yank this line and add it to "The dot".
TASK: Yank the first paragraph of "The registers" and paste if after this sentence.
The dot
Last time I didn't mention the "dot". Once you learn to make atomic operations within Vim, the dot becomes a huge productivity increase. He will repeat the last atomic operation, e.g. you insert a comma to the end of a line, you can repeat that.
TASK: Add a comma at the end of the first array entry within lorem-ipsum2.php and repeat the change for the two following lines.
Macros
Some might already know macros from Microsoft Excel or other editors. Vim also comes with editors. A single macro is just a recorded set of keystrokes which can be re-played.
Each macro is saved into a register. Thus it can be saved, loaded and modified.
The change done within "The dot" section can be achieved using a macro.
To record a macro type qq where the first q
starts the recording and the 2nd q defined the
register.
To replay a macro type @q where @ starts
the playback and q is the register. As most of the time you
can prefix the playback with a count, e.g. 2@q will repeat
macro q two times.
TASK: Repeat the task from "The dot" using a macro.
Settings Part 2
We now should now all we need to work effectively with Vim. Still we didn't cover settings very well. We know how to show line numbers and how to store settings. But what kind of settings do we have, what can we achieve with settings?
Syntax highlighting
E.g. add the following to highlight hearts in red:
hi ERROR ctermfg=9 match ERROR /♥/
TASK: Highlight the word TYPO3 in orange. Tip: Color code for orange is 214
See: :help hi :help match
Autocommands
You know events from Symfony, or signals / slots from TYPO3? You will love autocommands in Vim.
See: :help autocommand
Workflows
Now some workflows from my daily work within Vim.
Linting
Executing tests
Rendering docs
What's next?
That were some basics. What is most important to you? What would you miss when using Vim? Let's provide some guidance to make you more productive within Vim in your daily work.